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Course
Objectives:
Module 1
Lecture:
A. The student
will learn basic anatomical terms and be able to use them correctly.
B. The student should be able to correctly
identify body cavities and name their contents
and
correctly use regional and directional terms.
Laboratory:
A. The student
will complete laboratory exercises and work sheets dealing with the
language of anatomy.
B. The student will learn basic chemical concepts and
apply them to a better understanding of
physiological phenomena.
Learning Outcomes:
Lecture: Students should be able to:
1. give chemical symbols of atoms relevant to physiological
processes.
2. understand atomic structure.
3. explain the types of chemical bonds.
4. explain the role of water in living systems.
5. describe the levels of structure of a protein.
6. describe the mechanism of action of an enzyme.
7. describe the structure and functions of phospholipids
and triglycerides in humans.
8. describe the structure of starch and glycogen.
9. explain the structure of adenosine triphosphate and its
role in a living system.
Laboratory:
A. The student will learn the
basic principles of light microscopy.
B. The student will learn a the basic tissue types and their structure.
Learning
Outcomes: After completing this module, students should be able to:
1. explain
the uses of a light microscope
2. identify the parts of the microscope and list the
function of each.
3. describe
the proper technique for care and use of a microscope
4. define and calculate total magnification.
Module 2
Lecture
A. The student will learn the basic
principles of cell structure and reproduction.
B. The student will learn the basic
principles of metabolism.
Learning
Outcomes:
Lecture:
Students should be able to:
1. describe the variations in size and shape of cells.
2. describe the generalized structure of a cell and give
the function of each organelle.
3. explain mitosis.
4. explain DNA synthesis.
5. explain protein synthesis.
6. explain energy production.
7. explain cell transport and permeability.
8. define metabolism, anabolism and catabolism.
9. learn the oxidation and reduction reaction and how it is
import to metabolism.
10. understand the importance of the coenzymes NAD and FAD
as hydrogen receptors in catalyzing oxidation-reduction reactions.
11. Summarize
important events and products of glycolysis, Kreb’s
cycle and electron transport.
Laboratory:
The students
will learn the structure of the basic tissues, glands and the integumentary
system.
Learning
Outcomes:
After
completing this module, students should be able to:
1. define cell organelle and inclusion.
2. locate and identify the major regions of a cell and give
the function of each.
3. locate,
identify and give the function of each cell organelle.
4. compare and contrast specialized cells with a
“generalized cell.”
5. define interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis.
6. describe the events of each stage of mitosis and be able
to recognize each stage of mitosis under the microscope.
7. explain the importance of mitosis.
8. explain the significance of differential permeability.
9. understand the processes of diffusion and osmosis.
10.
differentiate between isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic solutions and
explain
their effects on cells.
11. determine the direction a substance will move passively
through a differentially permeable membrane.
12. describe the microscopic structure, function and
location of the four basic tissues.
13. describe the basic structures of glands giving examples.
14. discuss the structure of the skin and its derivatives.
15. explain the structure and location of the basic membrane
types.
16. describe the microscopic structure, function and
location of the four basic tissues.
17. describe the basic structures of glands giving examples.
18. discuss the structure of the skin and its derivatives.
Module 3
Lecture
The student will be able to describe the growth,
development, anatomy and physiology
of the skeletal system.
Learning
Outcomes:
After
completing this module, students should be able to:
1. identify the different types and classes of bone.
2. understand the gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy of
bones.
3. describe the chemical composition of bone.
4. explain bone development, remodeling and repair.
Laboratory:
The students
will learn the anatomy of the skeletal system.
The students should be able to:
1. list the functions of the skeletal system.
2. identify the four main types of bones.
3. identify surface bone markings and functions.
4. identify the major structures of a longitudinally cut
long bone.
5. identify microscopically and give the function of the
structures of an osteon.
6. explain the role of inorganic salts and organic matrix
in giving strength and flexibility to bone.
7. identify the 3 main parts of the axial skeleton.
8. identify the bones composing the axial skeleton and the
major markings of each.
9. identify and give the location of each type of
vertebrae.
10. understand the function of intervertebral discs.
11. discuss and give examples of three abnormal spinal
curvatures.
12. identify the bones of the pelvic girdle, the pectoral girdle
and their attached limbs.
13. differentiate between a male and female pelvis.
14. identify specific markings on each bone of the
appendicular skeleton.
15. name and describe the three functional categories of
joints.
16. name and describe the three structural categories of
joints and compare their mobility.
17. identify the types of synovial joints.
18. identify the various body movements.
19. define fontanel and describe their function and fate.
20. describe the important differences between fetal and
adult skeletons.
21. name and locate the major fontanels on a fetal skull.
Module 4
The student will be able to explain the anatomical
structure and physiological
actions of the human muscular system.
Learning Outcomes:
Lecture:
Students
should be able to:
1. explain the gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy of
each type of muscle tissue.
2. explain
muscle contraction and metabolism at the molecular level
3. identify selected human muscles.
4. discuss skeletal muscle physiology.
5. describe the structure and contraction mechanism of
smooth muscle.
Laboratory:
Learning
Outcomes:
After completing the laboratory exercises
and online simulated physiology laboratory exercises,
The students
should be able to:
1. describe skeletal muscle structure from gross to
microscopic levels.
2. describe the structure of a myofibril and a sarcomere.
3. explain the structure and function of the neuromuscular
junction and identify the parts microscopically.
4. define: prime mover, antagonist, synergist, fixator, origin and insertion.
5. cite the criteria for naming skeletal muscles.
6. name and
locate the major muscles of the human body on a torso model or diagram and
give their origins, insertions and
actions.
Module 5
Lecture: the student will learn basic facts concerning
the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system
Learning Outcomes:
Students should be able to:
1. detail the microscopic anatomy and gross anatomy of the
major parts of the central and peripheral nervous system.
2. explain the function of a neuron including the basis,
initiation and propagation of an action potential.
3. discuss the structure and
function of the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system.
Laboratory:
The students
should be able to:
1. differentiate between the functions of neurons and
neuroglia.
2. list and explain the structure and function of each type
of neuroglial cell.
3. identify the parts of a neuron and give the function of
each.
4. explain the structure and function of a synapse.
5. explain the way a myelin sheath is formed.
6. classify neurons by structure and function.
7. identify each part of a nerve microscopically and
explain the function of each.
8. identify the major parts of a sheep brain and give the
function of each.
9. discuss the differences in the composition of gray and
white matter.
10. differentiate among gyri, sulci and fissures.
11. locate the three meningeal layers and give the function
of each.
12. identify each cranial nerve by number and name and give
the location and function of each.
13. recognize the major structures of the spinal cord
microscopically.
14. locate the major spinal tracts on a diagram and give the
function of each.
Module 6
The student will
gain and understanding of special senses, reflexes and the autonomic
nervous system.
Lecture:
After
completing this module students should be able to:
1. understand the anatomical structure and involved
physiology of sensation, vision, equilibrium, hearing, taste and olfaction.
2. explain the basic types of reflexes and how they occur.
3. describe the anatomy and physiology of the autonomic
nervous system.
4. define reflex and reflex arc.
5. name and give the function of each part of a reflex arc.
6. explain the importance of reflex testing in a physical
examination.
7. describe the types of reflex arcs observed in the
laboratory and indicate the importance of each.
8. distinguish between somatic and autonomic reflexes.
9. recognize and give the structure and location of the
types of general sensory receptors.
10. define exteroreceptor, interoreceptor and proprioreceptor.
11. define tactile localization and describe its variation
in different parts of the body.
12. locate and give the function of each part of a cow or
sheep eye.
13. identify using a model and describe the function of the
main parts of the ear involved in hearing and equilibrium. 14. give the purpose of the
Weber, Rinne, balance, Barany and Romberg tests.
15. describe the location and cellular composition of the
olfactory epithelium.
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